Autism Spectrum — What Does That Mean?

Individuals with ASDs can vary markedly in terms of their developmental functioning in communication, social and behavioural areas, but it is generally recognized that those with a diagnosis of Autism exhibit more severe symptoms, while those with a diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism are more able in terms of their overall language and cognitive skills.  A diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) is reserved for individuals who meet some, but not all, diagnostic criteria for autism.

These difficulties emerge in early childhood and generally persist to some degree throughout the lifespan.  With therapy, many of the core symptoms can be improved, although there is as of yet no identified "cure" for autism.  However, experts agree that early identification and treatment is important for later success.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) is a term used to describe a subset of neurological conditions classified as Pervasive Developmental Disorders by diagnostic classification systems. ASDs are characterized by deficits in three primary areas:

• Social Skills: they may not show the same degree of social interest as a "typical" child;
• Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication: they may have difficulties developing language and may not be able to use other ways of communicating such as eye contact, facial expression, or pointing to communicate their needs;
• Restricted/Repetitive Behaviour and Interests: they may play with toys in unusual ways (e.g., lining up objects, or fixating on spinning things);

Underlying these deficits, individuals with ASDs can have reduced cognitive functioning, to varying degrees. (From Emerging Minds)